Improvement in molds for casting car-wheels



No. 197,228. Patented Nov. 20, 1877.

N PETER$ FHOTO-LITHCGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D C.

UNITED STATES "PA ENT OFFICE.

JOHN K. SAX, or PITTSTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN MOLDS FOR CASTING CAR-WHEELS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 197,228, dated November20, 1877 application filed August 8, 1877.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, J. K. SAX, of Pittston, Luzerne county, and State ofPennsylvania, have invented Improvements in the Manufacture of (lastWheels, of which the following is a specification:

My invention has for its object to facilitate the casting of wheels,pulleys, &c., and produce articles homogeneous in structure and freefrom flaws; and these objects I effect by the use of a core having anenlargement, with openings for introducing the metal into the mold frombelow, at or near the portion forming the hub, preferably in such amanner as to impart a circular motion to the entering current, and to.the body of metal in the mold.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l is a section, showing suflicientof a mold to illustrate my invention. Fig. 2 is an inverted plan viewthrough the line 00 00, Fig. 1 ,and Fig. 3 is a modification.

H I represent the sand within the mold,-

molded in the usual manner, so as to leave space for the metal which isto form the car or other wheel or pulley, the lower hub portion H,however, being extended downward beyond the usual bottom line t of theface of the hub, the said extended portion having inclined sides 8, asshown.

The tubular center core B has at the lower end a flange or enlargement,B, the inclined edge of which is adapted to the inclined sides 8. Thesaid flange, however, may be straight at the edge, and adapted to acorresponding recess in the mold, asshown in dotted lines.

At or below the lower end of the enlargement B are formed a centralenlarged basin,

D, communicating with the central sprue O of the core, and radiatingchannels or conduits E, which communicate each with a conduit, F,forming a connection between the basin D and the hub-space A; I

The conduits F may be inclined or vertical,

It is well known that in making wheels by the old and common process ofcasting, introducing the molten metal at the top or upper side of thewheel-hub mold, the heavy stream of molten metal must fall with greatforce 'upon the bottom of the mold, which force is greatly increased bythe rapidity with which the molten metal must necessarily be poured toprevent the sprue or conduits from drawing air, or, in other words, toprevent the air or gas from violently rushing out of the mold at thesame time and place while the molten metal is passing in, which,if notso prevented, would greatly impair the quality of the product, if notwork a total failure of the cast.

(lasting by the old way under such force also tends greatly to injurethe bottom of the mold, causing, in many instances, a chopping of themetal within the mold, resulting in rough castings, and filling theliquid metal with impurities, which are carried to the rim and tread ofthe wheel, and cause imperfect wheels with what is called blotched orsand treads.

I overcome these difficulties by introducing the molten metal throughthe sprue or channel G into the basin D, and conducting it therefromuniformly through the several radiating channels E E and F into the moldA. The united area of the sprues or channels F is preferably less thanthat of the channel or sprue O, causing a reaction, by which thevelocity of the inflowing metal is reduced, the effect be ing regulatedat will, by increasing or decreasing the sizes of the sprues or channelsF. By this means the metal is caused to flow quietly, without commotion,upward into the hub of the mold, without danger to the mold from itsforce or velocity, and without chopping the mold, and such impiu'itiesas may he carried with the metal are skimmed off and retained within thebasin D.

Further, the product is superior to those made by the ordinary process,especially when a whirling motion is given to the metal with in themold, by causing the currents to enter at an angle, as described. Themetal is thus prevented from setting until the mold is filled. Theshrinking of the molten metal in the top or upper portion of the hub (afrequent occurrence in ordinary casting) is also prevented,

as the upward flow of the metal into the hub portion insures theretention of a sufficient body of molten metal at this portion until themetal sets or hardens, while the hard molded face of the enlargement Binsures a corresponding smooth face to the wheel-hub, where, in ordinarycasting, the same would be rough and defective from the chopping of themold.

It will be apparent that the core may be molded with the basin andchannels therein, as shown in Fig. 3, or that said channels may bemolded outside the enlargement in the sand.

Without limiting myself to the precise form of core shown, or to anyspecified number or arrangement of chambers or passages,

I claim- 1. The central detachable baked core B, with scribingwitnesses.

JOHN K. SAX. Witnesses:

L. B. ENSIG-N, JOSEPH HILEMAN.

